The Cooling System

The purpose of the engine’s cooling system is to remove excess heat from the engine, to keep the engine operating at its most efficient temperature, and to get the engine up to the correct temperature as soon as possible after starting. Ideally, the cooling system keeps the engine running at its most efficient temperature no matter what the operating conditions are. As fuel is burned in the engine, about one-third of the energy in the fuel is converted into power. Another third goes out the exhaust pipe unused, and the remaining third becomes heat energy. A cooling system of some kind is necessary in any internal combustion engine. If no cooling system were provided, parts would melt from the heat of the burning fuel, and the pistons would expand so much they could not move in the cylinders (called “seize”). The cooling system of a water-cooled engine consists of: the engine’s water jacket, a thermostat, a water pump, a radiator and radiator cap, a cooling fan (electric or belt-driven), hoses, the heater core, and usually an expansion (overflow) tank. Fuel burning engines produce enormous amounts of heat; temperatures can reach up to 4,000 degrees F when the air-fuel mixture burns. However, normal operating temperature is about 2,000 degrees F. The cooling system removes about one-third of the heat produced in the combustion chamber. The exhaust system takes away much of the heat, but parts of the engine, such as the cylinder walls, pistons, and cylinder head, absorb large amounts of the heat. If a part of the engine gets too hot, the oil film fails to protect it. This lack of lubrication can ruin the engine. On the other hand, if an engine runs at too low a temperature, it is inefficient, the oil gets dirty (adding wear and subtracting horsepower), deposits form, and fuel mileage is poor– not to mention exhaust emissions! For these reasons, the cooling system is designed to stay out of the action until the engine is warmed up. There are two types of cooling systems; liquid cooling and air cooling. Most auto engines are cooled by the liquid type; air cooling is used more frequently for airplanes, motorcycles and lawnmowers. Liquid cooled engines have passages for the liquid, or coolant, through the cylinder block and head. The coolant has to have indirect contact with such engine parts as the combustion chamber, the cylinder walls, and the valve seats and guides. Running through the passages in the engine heats the coolant (it absorbs the heat from the engine parts), and going through the radiator cools it. After getting “cool” again in the radiator, the coolant comes back through the engine. This business continues as long as the engine is running, with the coolant absorbing and removing the engine’s heat, and the radiator cooling the coolant. A cooling system pressure tester is used to check the pressure in the cooling system, which allows the mechanic to determine if the system has any slow leaks. The leak can then be found and fixed before it causes a major problem. The above information is directly from the Auto Insight program which you can buy online from AutoEducation.com. Common Problems: Let’s look at the common problems cars have with the cooling system. Broken hose. Hoses wear out and can leak. Once the coolant has left the system it can no longer cool the engine and it overheats. Broken fan belt. The water pump is driven by the engine through a belt. If the belt breaks the water pump can not turn and coolant will not be circulated through the engine. This will also lead to engine overheating. Faulty radiator cap. The radiator cap is designed to hold a certain pressure in the coolant system. Most caps hold 8 – 12 PSI. This pressure raises the point in which the coolant will boil and maintains a stable system. If your cap does not hold pressure, then the car could overheat on hot days since the system never becomes pressurized. Water pump failure. Most commonly you will hear a screeching noise and will be able to see coolant leaking from the front of the pump or under the car. Early signs are small spots of coolant under the car after being parked overnight and a strong coolant odor while driving. Head gasket… have large amounts of white smoke flowing out of your exhaust? Could be a head gasket. The head gasket seals the cylinder head to the engine block and also seals the coolant passages. When this gasket fails coolant can enter the cylinder and it will be turned to vapor as the engine fires. Head gaskets most often fail after the engine has experienced an overheating situation. When super hot, the cylinder head can warp and allow the gasket to fail. Preventive Maintenance: Check all belts and hoses regularly. (at oil change is a good time) Look out for coolant leaks underneath the car, they could be signs of trouble to come. Change your coolant every 2 – 3 years depending on the manufactorers recommendations. Inspect your radiator cap for deterioration of the rubber seal. Replace if you think it is worn. $5 – $10 is cheap insurance. Have your coolant system flushed every 5 years. It gets all the corrosion which has built up out of the system. What to discuss with your mechanic: Let your mechanic know when your overheating problems occur. Overheating when idling points to a different problem than overheating at highway speeds. Ask your mechanic if it’s worth changing the timing belt or chain while he is replacing your water pump. Many times the timing belt turns the water pump so it has to be removed anyway to access the water pump. WARNING: Never open your radiator when the engine is hot. The pressure in the system can cause hot coolant to splash out and burn you.

Solar refrigeration for vaccines in third world countries

by

Hermann Pfaller

Solar refrigeration is mainly used in third world countries to store vaccines in proper temperature and to prevent them from spoiling. In addition to this, these solar power refrigerators are also used for preserving goods like dairy, meat and vegetables.

Types of solar refrigerators

There are basically two types of solar refrigerators; portable and battery supplemented ones. The solar powered refrigerators and vaccine coolers work on a combination of solar panels and lead batteries.

While these batteries help in storing energy for use in cloudy days and nights, they are expensive. Moreover, these lead acid batteries tend to have problems in hot climate, and may be misused for other purposes. They also need more maintenance, have to be replaced every 3 years When disposed, they are disposed of as hazardous waste, which adds to pollution.

Portable solar refrigerators

Portable solar powered refrigerators are popular in developing countries and work on the principle of evaporation. This is because though these fridges are solar powered; they work without any solar panels.

To reduce costs, these fridges are made using household materials which makes them easily accessible to people in developing countries. These fridges can easily store perishable goods at a temperature of 6 degrees Celsius for days, without any power consumption.

These fridges work with two cylinders, the inner metal cylinder and the outer cylinder that is made of anything like wood and plastic. The inner cylinder is fit in the outer cylinder, with some space in between the two.

This space is filled with organic material like wood, sand or wool, which is saturated with water. When placed in sunshine, the sun evaporates this water, which leads to the cooling of the inner chamber. This in turn reduces and maintains the temperature of the refrigerator at 6 degrees Celsius.

These solar powered refrigerators are limited in size, have no impacts on the environment and can be easily transported. While these fridges can work in places without electricity or a reliable power supply source, they do require water in order to function.

Solar refrigerators to control global warming

While solar powered refrigerators are used extensively in developing countries, some developed countries also use them to reduce the fridge s impact on the environment. Conventional refrigerators contribute to the ozone layer depletion and global warming, and thus have dangerous impacts on the environment.

It is the chlorofluorocarbons (CFC s) in conventional refrigerators that cause problems in the insulation foam or refrigerant cycle. This is why CFC s were banned and replaced with other substances like hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) in the 80 s.

However as these substances also contribute to ozone depletion and global warming chemicals, solar powered refrigerators are environmentally friendly options and have minimal impact on the environment.

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Article Source:

ArticleRich.com

A Real Liquid Calcium Magnesium Blend – Truths About Health

by

Omar Walters

3. Does ones liquid taste sweet and fruity?

If you answered yes to several questions above, you may be taking liquid minerals which might be really not benefiting you The truth is additives and preservatives make the body work harder to get the calcium it needs.

By the way, real minerals do not rot, spoil, need refrigeration or go bad. Colors, dyes and flavors take extra energy to remain digested or separated form the mineral. All of that energy might have been spend digestion quality food together with minerals. All of these additives have to disclose the digestive tract to end up separated into nutrients and waste material.

Many people are well knowledgeable that colloidal gold is a great way to cut down on the stress that you saw, help you to focus to the task at hand and even to obtain motivated for the day. But, when it comes to knowing how it is made or what makes it so special, there is more of a story to be learned than it\’s possible you\’ll actually think. In order to raised understand not only what colloidal gold is and what it can do on your behalf, it is a great idea to learn all about how it is produced.

When it pertains to understanding the manufacturing process of gold colloidal, you should also know that there are a number of colloidal minerals including platinum eagle, silver, titanium and many some others. However, the two most popular and widely used colloidal minerals are colloidal silver and gold. These two colloidal minerals are highly regarded in the homeopathic world and are said to experience a wealth of amazing properties that will help you to do everything from fight off viruses to enhance your energy and focus.

To be able to turn these precious minerals to a form suitable for human drinking, they are put through a process performed within a colloidal generator. These generators may be used for several colloids at the same time and they can all have various concentrations respectively. When in use, a colloidal gold generator works using gold atoms which includes a positive charge. It goes without saying that the mineral supplement takes substantial time to manufacture, often requiring about two full days before proper concentration is achieved.

There are many tests and studies done on colloidal minerals which include gold, resulting in some individuals even looking into the utilization of home gold colloidal generators. Nevertheless, the best possible colloidal gold is situated in commercial form meant for customer purchase. You too can start your own daily routine of colloidal gold consumption so as to build up your tolerance to stresses and be an aid to fight off fatigue while constructing your focus and concentration.

Since true colloidal gold is usually quite difficult to produce, it is important that it is manufactured to only the highest standards possible. When it comes to a dietary supplement this way, you never want to consume a product or service that has been made in a manner that includes cutting corners to lower cost and time. Always find a colloidal gold that is pure, free of preservatives, colors, additives and any kind of artificial ingredients. This is the only way to make absolute certain you will be taking a product that is manufactured under only the strictest involving guidelines, thus producing the top quality possible.

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liquid mineral supplement

Article Source:

ArticleRich.com

byAlma Abell

Air conditioner in Wichita Kansas maintenance often gets overlooked by property owners. Some of them may simply have an oversight, but in many cases, people are fully aware that they should be getting their systems serviced. However, they choose not to. If this sounds like you, consider the inconveniences and expenses you will face if your cooling system malfunctions. The cost to fix a system usually exceeds what it would have cost to keep it maintained. Many HVAC contractors also offer guarantees on their workmanship.. Therefore, if you are getting yours serviced at the correct intervals, your technician may fix certain issues at no cost to you. There are usually clauses which determine which types of services customers may not have to pay for. Contractors are also a good resource to use for determining whether or not your system or certain components are under warranty.

One of the most confusing issues property owners face is determining when to get their air conditioner in Wichita Kansas serviced. This service should be performed annually, and it should occur during the summer or spring months. Most contractors advise customers to get their servicing performed before the summer hits due to the increased calls they have during the summer. People who choose to wait until the summer may experience delays. This is often because summer is the time when systems work their hardest. This hard working of systems can result in them malfunctioning. In addition to service calls, contractors may also have calls for installations to.

Kelley and Dawson Service is a good resource for people in the Wichita area who need to have their air conditioning systems inspected. Although inspecting your system may sound complicated, these professionals are wise enough to know how to properly inspect systems. They can determine whether you will need to replace certain parts. They are also able to advise consumers about upgrades. You may choose to do your own basic maintenance after your annual inspection is completed. For example, many customers change out their own air filters. Your friendly HVAC contractor is also a good resource to use for understanding how to complete this task.